Thursday, 27 February 2025

Individual research contribution to group project

 09/02/2025

- Assisted in deciding which company is our target audience/ stakeholders (Takenaka corporation and residents) - 1) We Chose Takenaka corporation because it is the leading construction company in Japan, and is well known for the sustainable materials used in construction. 2) Residents are also our target audience because they are the ones that will be living inside houses made from bio based materials

14/02/2025

- Helped in the Ideal, Gap, Goal and purpose statement of Hempcrete

- Came up with the title for report

- Came up with the purpose statement 

18/02/2025

- Find reliable sources for background info, such as how Hempcrete is manufactured and advantage of what Hempcrete might bring about.

- Helped in researching on the counter-argument (the disadvantages of Hempcrete: e.g. cost for manufacturing)

04/03/2025

- Helped in writing the Introduction of the report

- Researched the benefits of bio based material as compared to traditional materials used

- Researched on the disadvantages of Hempcrete (to the environmental, residents, company, etc.)

- Researched on how Hempcrete can benefit our stakeholders (Takenaka corporation, residents) as well as the environmental benefits. 

- Prompted chatGPT to write the 150 word letter of transmittal based on the relevant prompts

07/03/2025

-Developed a rough draft for the mock presentation for our mini groups we are assigned to, based on the roles: group leader, speaker, scribe

11/03/2025

-Shared with my group mates the flaws of many presentation slides, mainly due to the wordy content, font size, pictures used, etc.)

-Shared some of the alternatives to power point slides

-Created a script for the mock presentation (pitch)

14/03/2025

- Started doing power point slides of my own part

18/03/2025

Presentation from other groups

21/03/2025

Presentation

Sunday, 16 February 2025

Hwang Kai Sheng's Reader Response Final Draft

The Mavic 3 Enterprise (M3E) is a versatile, compact drone designed for various applications like mapping, asset inspection, real estate photography, and more (as summarized by ChatGPT). Drones offer accessibility, efficiency, safety and cost-effectiveness across industries. They cover large areas quickly, reduce manpower and equipment costs, access hazardous terrains safely, and provide high resolution, real-time data and informed decision-making. According to the DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise’s website (n.d.) , it contains features such as a ‘Real time kinematic (RTK) module for centimeter-level accuracy, 4/3 CMOS Hasselblad camera, and 45-minute flight time’, enabling precise and efficient data collection for land surveying. More of its features include foldable design to ensure portability, and advanced obstacle avoidance to enhance reliability, and seamless integration with DJI software streamlines workflows to make it versatile, affordable, and user-friendly choice for professional surveyors.

Despite M3E having low light performance, its RTK module for precise mapping and enhanced efficiency through advanced automation makes it an indispensable tool for industries requiring accurate data collection, streamlined workflows, and secure navigation in complex environments. 

The M3E is equipped with an optional Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) module that provides centimeter-level precision, making it ideal for accurate mapping in civil engineering applications. According to DJI Enterprise (2023), the RTK module enables real-time positioning with high accuracy, reducing the need for Ground Control Points (GCPs) in surveying projects. This allows engineers to skilfully create 3D models and extremely detailed topographic maps. The integration of RTK technology greatly increases the accuracy of aerial surveys, ensuring that geospatial data collected is precise enough for infrastructure planning, land assessments, and construction progress monitoring. Without RTK, traditional GPS-based mapping would be less accurate, requiring manual corrections and additional site visits. The RTK module revolutionizes civil engineering workflows by reducing errors and increasing efficiency in mapping projects. By minimizing the dependency on GCPs, engineers can complete surveys faster while maintaining high data accuracy (DJI Enterprise, 2023).

Moreover, the M3E improves efficiency and accuracy in aerial operations through its advanced automation features, such as intelligent flight planning and automated data collection. According to Huang et al. (2023), the M3E employs fully autonomous flight modes like corridor mapping and terrain following, which enables it to automatically adjust its altitude in response to changes in terrain and follow predetermined flight paths without manual intervention. These features help streamline operations associated with more complex missions such as surveying and inspecting infrastructures. Advanced automation minimizes human input during missions, ensuring more consistent and accurate data collection. The automated flight planning feature enables users to define and optimize flight paths for large-scale surveys, which saves time and effort compared to manual flight operation. Moreover, terrain-following automation allows the drone to fly safely and maintain consistent ground clearance over varying landscapes, thereby avoiding obstacles or crashes. The integration of advanced automation not only enhances the Mavic 3E’s operational efficiency but also increases the safety and accuracy of the operations, making it an indispensable tool for civil engineering applications, particularly in large-scale mapping, infrastructure inspections, and construction site monitoring (Huang et al., 2023).

Nonetheless, the M3E does better in low-light conditions as compared to earlier models. But, when placed side by side with higher-end enterprise drones, the improvement is rather shallow. The M3E features a 4/3 CMOS 20MP sensor with 3.3μm pixels and an intelligent low-light mode that promises better visibility in dim lighting conditions (DJI, 2022). Unfortunately, there are no infrared or thermal imaging options in this model, something that the Matrice series drones from DJI do offer (DJI, n.d.). The M3E's heightened sensor and pixel size do give it an edge when it comes to clarity during low-light conditions, but it is still reliant on visible light, making it less effective for night time inspections, underground mapping, or foggy conditions. In civil engineering applications, this limitation can reduce operational flexibility, as engineers may struggle to capture clear imagery in early morning, late evening, or poorly lit environments. Thus, despite its improved low-light capabilities, the M3E may not be the best choice for projects requiring 24/7 aerial monitoring or operations in severely low-light conditions. However, it remains a cost-effective and efficient option for daytime and moderate low-light mapping tasks

In conclusion, while the M3E's low light performance may present challenges in certain conditions, the RTK module, along with the advanced automation and mapping capabilities it possesses, makes it exceptionally useful for industries that prioritise precision, efficiency and safety. The RTK module provides centimeter-level precision, ensuring highly accurate data collection for surveying and mapping tasks, while the automation features facilitate the flight planning process, reducing the need for manual intervention. Moreover, its advanced obstacle avoidance and terrain-following abilities ensure secure navigation, even in complex and cluttered environments. Altogether, these specifications render the M3E a vital asset in civil engineering, infrastructure monitoring, and many more industries that depend on accurate and detailed ariel information for effective decision-making and proper project handling. 

References

DJI. (n.d.). Mavic 3 Enterprisehttps://www.dji.com/mavic-3-enterprise

DJI Enterprise. (2023). RTK module overviewhttps://www.dji.com/enterprise 

DJI. (2022, September 27). The New DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise Series Sets Ultimate Standard For Portable Commercial Drones. DJI Official Website. https://www.dji.com/sg/newsroom/news/the-new-dji-mavic-3-enterprise-series-sets-ultimate-standard-for-portable-commercial-drones

DJI. (n.d.). DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise Series - Industrial grade mapping inspection drones. DJI Official Website. https://enterprise.dji.com/mavic-3-enterprise

Huang, Y., Li, X., & Zhang, Q. (2023). Enhancing operational efficiency and safety in drone-based civil engineering through advanced automationAutomation in Construction, 148, 103902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2023.103902 


Monday, 10 February 2025

Hwang Kai Sheng's reader response draft #3

The Mavic 3 Enterprise (M3E) is a versatile, compact drone designed for various applications like mapping, asset inspection, real estate photography, and more (as summarized by ChatGPT). Drones offer accessibility, efficiency, safety and cost-effectiveness across industries. They cover large areas quickly, reduce manpower and equipment costs, access hazardous terrains safely, and provide high resolution, real-time data and informed decision-making. According to the DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise’s website (n.d.) , it contains features such as a ‘Real time kinematic (RTK) module for centimeter-level accuracy, 4/3 CMOS Hasselblad camera, and 45-minute flight time’, enabling precise and efficient data collection for land surveying. More of its features include foldable design to ensure portability, and advanced obstacle avoidance to enhance reliability, and seamless integration with DJI software streamlines workflows to make it versatile, affordable, and user-friendly choice for professional surveyors.

Despite M3E having low light performance, its RTK module for precise mapping and enhanced efficiency through advanced automation makes it an indispensable tool for industries requiring accurate data collection, streamlined workflows, and secure navigation in complex environments. 

The M3E is equipped with an optional Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) module that provides centimeter-level precision, making it ideal for accurate mapping in civil engineering applications. According to DJI Enterprise (2023), the RTK module enables real-time positioning with high accuracy, reducing the need for Ground Control Points (GCPs) in surveying projects. This allows engineers easily 3D models and extremely detailed topographic maps. The integration of RTK technology greatly increases the accuracy of aerial surveys, ensuring that geospatial data collected is precise enough for infrastructure planning, land assessments, and construction progress monitoring. Without RTK, traditional GPS-based mapping would be less accurate, requiring manual corrections and additional site visits. The RTK module revolutionizes civil engineering workflows by reducing errors and increasing efficiency in mapping projects. By minimizing the dependency on GCPs, engineers can complete surveys faster while maintaining high data accuracy (DJI Enterprise, 2023).

Moreover, the M3E improves efficiency and accuracy in aerial operations through its advanced automation features, such as intelligent flight planning and automated data collection. According to Huang et al. (2023), the M3E utilizes autonomous flight modes like corridor mapping and terrain following, which allow it to automatically adjust its altitude in response to changes in terrain and follow predetermined flight paths without manual intervention. These features simplify complex missions, such as surveying and infrastructure inspections, by streamlining flight operations. Advanced automation minimizes human input during missions, ensuring more consistent and accurate data collection. The automated flight planning feature enables users to define and optimize flight paths for large-scale surveys, reducing the time and labor required for manual flight operation. Moreover, terrain-following automation allows the drone to fly safely and maintain consistent ground clearance over varying landscapes, reducing the risk of obstacles or crashes. The integration of advanced automation not only enhances the Mavic 3E’s operational efficiency but also ensures greater safety and precision, making it an indispensable tool for civil engineering applications, particularly in large-scale mapping, infrastructure inspections, and construction site monitoring (Huang et al., 2023).

However, although the low-light performance of the M3E is an improvement over previous models but remains a limitation compared to higher-end enterprise drones. The M3E features a 4/3 CMOS 20MP sensor with 3.3μm pixels and an intelligent low-light mode, designed to enhance visibility in dim lighting conditions (DJI, 2022). However, it lacks infrared or thermal imaging capabilities, which are available in more advanced drone models like the DJI Matrice series (DJI, n.d.). While the larger sensor and pixel size improve clarity in low-light scenarios, the M3E is still reliant on visible light, making it less effective for nighttime inspections, underground mapping, or foggy conditions. In civil engineering applications, this limitation can reduce operational flexibility, as engineers may struggle to capture clear imagery in early morning, late evening, or poorly lit environments. Despite its improved low-light capabilities, the M3E may not be the best choice for projects requiring 24/7 aerial monitoring or operations in severely low-light conditions. However, it remains a cost-effective and efficient option for daytime and moderate low-light mapping tasks

In conclusion, while the M3E's low light performance may present challenges in certain conditions, its RTK module for precise mapping and advanced automation capabilities significantly enhance its value in industries that demand accuracy, efficiency, and safety. The RTK module provides centimeter-level precision, ensuring highly accurate data collection for surveying and mapping tasks, while the automation features streamline flight planning and reduce the need for manual intervention. Furthermore, its advanced obstacle avoidance and terrain-following abilities ensure secure navigation, even in complex and cluttered environments. These combined features make the M3E an indispensable tool for civil engineering, infrastructure inspection, and other industries that rely on detailed and reliable aerial data for decision-making and project management.

Disclaimer: I leveraged ChatGPT to organize my ideas. 

References

DJI. (n.d.). Mavic 3 Enterprise. https://www.dji.com/mavic-3-enterprise

DJI Enterprise. (2023). RTK module overviewhttps://www.dji.com/enterprise 

DJI. (2022, September 27). The New DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise Series Sets Ultimate Standard For Portable Commercial Drones. DJI Official Website. https://www.dji.com/sg/newsroom/news/the-new-dji-mavic-3-enterprise-series-sets-ultimate-standard-for-portable-commercial-drones

DJI. (n.d.). DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise Series - Industrial grade mapping inspection drones. DJI Official Website. https://enterprise.dji.com/mavic-3-enterprise

Huang, Y., Li, X., & Zhang, Q. (2023). Enhancing operational efficiency and safety in drone-based civil engineering through advanced automationAutomation in Construction, 148, 103902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2023.103902 



Thursday, 6 February 2025

Summary + Thesis + Supports Draft #2


The Mavic 3 Enterprise is a versatile, compact drone designed for various applications like mapping, asset inspection, real estate photography, and more (as summarized by ChatGPT). Drones offer accessibility, efficiency, safety and cost-effectiveness across industries. They cover large areas quickly, reduce manpower and equipment costs, access hazardous terrains safely, and provide high resolution, real-time data and informed decision-making. According to the DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise’s website, it contains features such as a ‘RTK(Real time kinematic) module for centimeter-level accuracy, 4/3 CMOS Hasselblad camera, and 45-minute flight time’, enabling precise and efficient data collection for land surveying. More of its features include foldable design to ensure portability, and advanced obstacle avoidance to enhance reliability, and seamless integration with DJI software streamlines workflows to make it versatile, affordable, and user-friendly choice for professional surveyors.

The Mavic 3 Enterprise revolutionizes aerial operations with its RTK module for precise mapping, enhanced efficiency through advanced automation and improved safety with obstacle avoidance, making it an indispensable tool for industries requiring accurate data collection, streamlined workflows, and secure navigation in complex environments. 

According to E38 survey solutions website (n.d.), 'DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise Series RTK module dramatically reduces the number of ground control points (GCPs) needed'. When surveying, a drone without RTK should have GCPs spaced no more than 500 feet apart. However, with the RTK module, three GCPs would be sufficient. RTK module improves the accuracy of the GPS tags on every image by allowing the DJI Mavic 3E to receive GPS satellite data along with correction signals from a base station. 

According to DJI enterprise (n.d.), DJI Mavic 3E supports the latest software, Pilot 2 and FlightHub 2, and it offers several advantages for fleet management, mission planning, and real-time collaboration. It would be able to automatically generate 2D orthomosaic maps in real-time using the Mavic 3E's imagery, and this is essential in search and rescue missions. This integration allows live video streaming where the real-time drone video feeds can be shared with the remote teams via the clouds, therefore improving decision making during operations.  It also allows mission planning and annotation, where the operator can create and share waypoints, flight routes, and annotations with team members, as well as to geo-tag important locations. DJI Mavic 3E can also use Pix4D mapper and ArcGIS software for data processing and create 3D models of the area relief. Studies by Igor.B (2019) shows that 

The DJI Mavic 3E is equipped with an omnidirectional obstacle sensing system, providing 360-degree obstacle detection for safer and more reliable flights. It utilizes multiple vision sensors and an advanced processing system to detect and avoid obstacles in all directions. GPSworld (2021) states that 

The APAS 5.0 (Advanced Pilot Assistance System) uses real-time data from all sensors to automatically maneuver around obstacles and allows smooth obstacle without abrupt stops. The Advanced Return-to-Home (RTH) scans the environment and automatically selects the safest, most efficient route back to the home point.


However, although DJI Mavic 3 works with Pix4D for data processing, it does not support Pix4DCapture. Hence, DJI Pilot 2, which is the official DJI app, would be needed for flight planning and data capture. 





PEEL

References

Tan,C.,Chen https://enterprise-insights.dji.com/blog/mavic-3-enterprise-series-top-features 

Tan, C., Chen, Z., Liao, A., Chen, Z., & Zeng, X. (2024). Accuracy assessment of Mavic 3 industrial UAV based on DJI Terra and Pix4Dmapper. Accuracy Assessment of Mavic 3 Industrial UAV Based on DJI Terra and PiX4DMapper, 13. 

https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3035344 


https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Igor-

https://e38surveysolutions.com/pages/about-the-dji-mavic-3-enterprise-series-rtk-module srsltid=AfmBOooegW4mjdO9Reqk2FYXvzpbGMYuShT13mZ0rsQ2OaAxImdCZkry


https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342167057_Perspectives_of_Implementing_Remote_Methods_for_Geoecological_Tasks_with_Creating_3D_Models


https://enterprise.dji.com/flighthub-2

Week 13 Critical Reflection

3.2.1  Module Learning Reflection At the beginning of this course, I set specific goals for myself to enhance my critical thinking and commu...